红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测成分血中抗A/抗B的研究

目的比较应用红细胞膜免疫磁珠法及传统方法进行成分血中抗A/抗B效价检测之间的相关性。建立应用红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测血浆标本中高效价抗体的方法。方法采用新鲜细胞试管法、微柱凝胶法及红细胞膜免疫磁珠法进行血浆样本抗体效价检测。将试管法检测效价≥128的样本10倍、15倍、20倍稀释后,用红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测,测定其凝集强度。结果微柱凝胶法最敏感,其次为试管法,红细胞膜免疫磁珠法低于试管法1个滴度。将试管法检测效价≥128的待检样本15倍稀释后,用红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测,其凝集强度≥2+。结论红细胞膜免疫磁珠可做为标准红细胞抗原应用于抗体效价检测,将样本进行15倍稀释,若凝集强度≥2+,则可视其带有高效价抗体。     

再次髋关节镜手术的病因和术后髋关节功能性分析

目的探讨再次关节镜手术对患者功能的影响,并调查患者满意度,同时评估相关适应证。方法采用单中心前瞻性无对照研究设计,纳入2011年1月-2014年12月在该院接受再次髋关节镜手术的患者,并对患者进行跟踪随访,中位随访时间为(23.3±2.4)个月。术前和术后随访的髋关节功能评估采用改良Harris评分、WOMAC和Christensen(Na HS)问卷调查表和满意度量表。再次关节镜手术的适应证是指患者出现关节镜手术相关的反复或持续性疼痛。结果 295例初次髋关节镜手术患者中17例(5.8%)患者接受再次髋关节镜手术:男9例,女8例;中位年龄(29.6±6.8)岁。17例接受再次关节镜手术的患者中13例原发病为股骨髋臼撞击综合征患者(包括1例T?nnisⅡ型骨关节炎),3例关节不稳导致的盂唇损伤和1例软骨瘤病变患者;12例持续性疼痛,其中9例来自股骨髋臼撞击综合征;3例手术失败。所有患者髋关节功能评分均有改善,其中WOMAC评分增加(21.7±13.2)分(P0.05)和Na HS评分提高(32.6±10.7)分(P0.05)。17例患者中10例对再次关节镜手术表示满意或非常满意(59.0%)。结论与初次关节镜相比,再次髋关节镜手术功能结局短期内令患者满意;再次关节镜手术的主要原因是治疗不充分导致原发病转为顽固性病变。     

蛛网膜下隙麻醉对老年骨科患者术后早期认知功能的影响

正术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)是手术患者术后常见的神经系统并发症~[1-3]。尤其对于老年患者,POCD的发病率高、恢复慢。统计数据~[4-5]显示,年龄65岁的老年患者术后POCD的发病率是年轻患者的2~10倍,可能与老年患者中枢神经系统退化、血流动力学调控能力弱有关。老年患者发生POCD易导致关节功能恢复延迟、住院时间延长、治疗费用增加,且会     

Can the computerized physical examination differentiate normal subjects from abnormal subjects with benign mechanical low back pain?

Inconsistencies among physicians in the evaluation of benign low back conditions make standardization desirable. A computerized physical examination device was used to evaluate low back pain patients and compare their results with a normative database obtained from a selection of healthy subjects. A high-resolution motion analysis system tracked the movement of skin markers placed on the midline and pelvis. Surface electromyography electrodes placed above L₅ collected data from multifidus. From the kinematics of skin markers during flexion extension with lifts up to 32 kg, and lateral bending with lifts up to 4.6 kg, the following parameters were estimated: lumbosacral angle and elongation, contribution of each lumbar segment to the lordosis reduction, relative pelvic/spine motion and trunk velocity. First, the average normal value for each estimated parameter was determined using 40 normal subjects. For each subject, the difference between his parameter and the normal was processed by an expert system generating a normality index varying from zero (perfect abnormal) to one (perfect normal). To develop the expert system's rules, a preliminary group of 20 very abnormal subjects were used, such that the normality index separated them from the normals. For validation, a set of 29 WCB sprain patients and another set of 42 discogram positive were selected. Each subject was tested and his computerized normality index calculated without any clinicians' input. The computerized normality index was compared with the clinicians' evaluation which was taken to be the gold standard. The Receiver Operating Characteristic technique was used to quantify the discrepancies. Results show that the expert system can detect clinically abnormal subjects with accuracy (sensitivity 83–91% and specificity 90%) while providing quantitative information on workers' functional capacities.     

Passive knee muscle moment arms measured in vivo with MRI

Objective. To determine moment arm lengths from seven knee muscles and the patellar tendon. The knee muscles were the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, and the lateral and medial gastrocnemius muscles.

Design. The moment arms were calculated based on MRI measurements.

Background. Moment arm lengths of different muscles with respect to the joint centre of rotation (CR) or the centre of the contact point between joint surfaces are necessary basic data for biomechanical models predicting joint load.

Methods. Ten male and seven female subjects participated. Using a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system, 3-dimensional coordinates of relevant points were recorded from a 3-D volume reconstruction of the right knee at knee flexion angles of 0, 30 and 60 °. Muscular moment arms were calculated in both the sagittal and frontal planes. The recordings were all made during passive mode, which means that no muscular contraction was performed.

Results. All muscles except the lateral gastrocnemius showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) of moment arm lengths between gender in the frontal plane. All muscles except biceps femoris and sartorius showed significant differences (P < 0.05) of moment arm lengths between gender in the sagittal plane. Most muscles also showed a linear or quadratic trend of changing moment arms with varying knee angle.

Conclusions. Our results indicate that for most biomechanical analyses involving knee muscles, gender- and angle-specific moment arms should be used.     

Acute pericarditis

There are many causes of acute pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium) and diagnosis is often difficult owing to the dynamic nature of the disease. History and physical examination, augmented by radiographic and ECG studies, will allow the diagnosis to be made in the majority of cases. The ECG typically undergoes a four-stage evolution, and frequent reassessment of the patient is essential. Outpatient treatment is usually successful, although a subgroup of these patients require hospitalization.     

踝关节镜下自体腓骨长肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳的临床研究

目的探讨踝关节镜下自体腓骨长肌肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带(ATFL)治疗慢性踝关节不稳的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年12月-2017年1月利用自体腓骨长肌肌腱在踝关节镜下治疗的32例踝关节外侧韧带损伤患者。采用美国足踝外科学会(AOFAS)评分标准、Tegner运动水平评分及距骨倾斜角变化对手术前后疗效进行评价,随访观察并发症发生情况。结果 32例均获得12~36个月随访,平均(26.00±6.65)个月。随访期间,所有患者踝关节活动度基本恢复正常,至末次随访时未观察到踝关节不稳定现象,踝关节肿胀、疼痛均消失,查体跖屈内翻应力试验(-)、抽屉试验(-)。末次随访时,AOFAS评分为(92.00±3.84)分、Tegner评分为(6.03±1.15)分较术前明显提高,距骨倾斜角(4.61±1.09)°较术前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论踝关节镜下自体腓骨长肌肌腱解剖重建ATFL治疗踝关节外侧不稳,镜下能更精准地探查韧带残端,定位韧带附着点,原位解剖重建ATFL,疗效理想。     

Outcome of low-risk patients discharged home after a normal cardiac troponin I

Patients with symptoms suggestive of, but at low risk for, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who have a negative electrocardiogram (EKG) and a single normal troponin I at 6–9 h after symptom onset are frequently discharged from our Emergency Department (ED). We sought to determine their rate of adverse cardiac events at 30 days (ACE-30), defined as cardiac death or myocardial infarction (MI), by chart review, telephone interview, or county death records. Of 663 patients, data were available for 588 (89%). Mean age was 48 years; 59% were male. There were 390 patients (66%) who complained of chest pain. Previous coronary artery disease (CAD) was reported in 145 patients (25%). Two patients (0.34%) had ACE-30, both with non-ST elevation MI. There were no cases of cardiac death. None of the patients died in Hennepin County within 30 days. At our institution, low-risk patients with symptoms suggestive of ACS who are discharged home after a normal cTnI drawn 6–9 h after symptom onset have a very low incidence of cardiac events at 30 days.     

Electrocardiographic manifestations: acute inferior wall myocardial infarction

The 12-lead electrocardiogram (EKG) is an important tool in evaluating the patient with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) represent a heterogeneous group in terms of morbidity, mortality, Emergency Department (ED) management, and site of occlusion in the culprit coronary artery. The standard 12-lead EKG, right-sided chest leads and posterior chest leads, in conjunction with clinical findings often provide the necessary information for the Emergency Physician (EP) to predict complications, morbidity and mortality. IWMI patients may have associated right ventricular infarction (RVI) or lateral and posterior wall extension. Each of these entities is associated with specific hemodynamic abnormalities and increased mortality. In addition, various atrioventricular (AV) blocks are commonly associated with IWMI. This article presents several cases of IWMI with EKGs and a discussion of EKG interpretation in the setting of IWMI.     

兔椎间失稳软骨终板Ⅱ型胶原变化的相关实验研究

目的：通过研究兔软骨终板Ⅱ型胶原在椎间失稳环境下的退变过程及机制，加深对椎间盘退变的认识。方法：选取48只6月龄日本大耳白兔雌雄不限，体重为（2．5±0．2）kg，均在相同条件下饲养，随机进行分组，分为正常对照组21只兔、实验失稳组27只兔；先将实验失稳组27只兔进行L6～7椎间手术失稳；均分别在术后2、4、6个月取材。对椎间盘软骨终板的Ⅱ型胶原用免疫组化的方法进行检测，用JD801图像分析系统进行图像分析，结果用SPSS11．5统计软件统计分析；以综合判断软骨终板的退变过程及机制。结果：（1）在自然增龄短期过程中，软骨终板的Ⅱ型胶原无明显变化；（2）椎间失稳可导致椎间软骨终板Ⅱ型胶原含量明显减少。结论：（1）在自然增龄过程中，软骨终板Ⅱ型胶原的无明显退变；（2）椎间失稳能明显导致椎间软骨终板Ⅱ型胶原的退变。